Maintenance Guide
Inspecting your home on a regular basis and following good maintenance practices is the best way to protect your investment in your home. Whether you take care of a few tasks at a time or several all at once, it is important to get into the habit of doing them. Establish a routine for yourself and you will find the work is easy to accomplish and not very time consuming. A regular schedule of seasonal maintenance can put a stop to the most common ? and costly ? problems, before they occur. If necessary use a camera to take pictures of anything you might want to share with an expert for advice or to monitor or remind you of a situation later.
If you do not feel comfortable performing some of the home maintenance tasks listed below, nor do you have the necessary equipment, you may consider hiring a qualified handy person to help you.
The following list is considered a partial list for home maintenance. Each house is built from different building materials and systems. Please take the time to modify the list with the unique maintenance requirements for your home.
Foundations, Basements and Yards
· Water that strikes the house or drips down from the roof should drain away from the foundation walls. The gutter and downspout system should keep water from pooling around the foundation where it can create a moisture problem. Be sure gutters and downspouts are kept open and in good repair.
· Ensure that the finish grade around the perimeter of the house slopes away from the foundation.
· Trim shrubs and bushes away from the foundation walls. Clearance space should be at least one foot.
· Check masonry foundation walls for cracks or weakened, crumbling mortar.
· Examine main support beams, support columns, and floor joists for evidence of bowing or warping.
· Check wood structural members, such as joists, beams, and columns, with a screwdriver or pocket knife to be sure wood is solid and free from decay.
· Check the inside and outside of all foundation walls and piers for termite tubes and damage. You may choose to have an insect-control company to do this each year.
· Check that the crawl space vapor barrier is in good condition and placed correctly. A vapor barrier is usually a polyethylene material (6-mil) that covers 70 to 100 percent of the crawl space, depending on the severity of the moisture problem.
· Examine the inside of basement walls for dampness or water stains indicating seepage or a leak.
· Water lines and outside faucets need some freeze protection or winter drainage if they are not a freezeless type. In addition, garden hoses should be drained and stored for the winter.
· Clean leaves and debris from around an outside heating/air conditioning condenser and trim back shrubs that may block air movement around the house.
· Yard care power equipment should be drained of fuel in the late fall or early winter and serviced according to manufacturer's instructions.
· Doorways, below grade window wells, and storm drains should be cleaned of debris or leaves.
· Driveways and walks should be checked for cracks, breaks, or erosion that may damage them. If asphalt surfaces need repairing, be certain you have the equipment and skill to do a lasting repair job. Otherwise, choose a reputable contractor. Unrepaired cracks in concrete can lead to further damage.
· Clean and repair garden equipment after the last use of the season. Remove dirt and rust, then store in dry area. Winter is a good time to file rough spots on hoes and shovels and to apply linseed oil to handles of garden tools. Thoroughly rinse pesticide and herbicide sprayers to prevent clogging, and rinse fertilizer spreaders to prevent corrosion.
· A septic tank needs periodic attention. Learn how to check for sludge and scum accumulation in the tank, and have solids pumped out of the tank as needed.
· Fences, gates, and retaining walls should be checked for ease of operation, condition of structure, and materials. Make repairs as needed.
Exterior Walls, Windows and Doors
· Check bricks or blocks for cracked mortar or loose joints.
· Check siding for loose or missing pieces, lifting or warping, or any sign of mildew.
· Check painted surfaces for paint failure (peeling, chipping, blistering, chalking), water damage, or mildew.
· Examine all trim for tightness of fit, damage, or decay.
· Check the condition of caulking where two different materials meet, such as where wood siding joins the foundation wall, at inside corners, and where window and door trim meets the siding.
· Check the windows for cracked or broken glass, loose putty around the glass panes, holes in screens, and evidence of moisture between pane and storm windows.
· Check that windows and doors close properly. Examine all hardware on windows and doors, and lubricate moving parts.
· Check weather stripping on windows and doors for damage and tightness of fit.
· Make sure that all window and door locks work properly. Each exterior door should have a one-inch deadbolt lock for safety.
· If there is a door between your house and garage, check the auto-closing spring hinge to ensure the door closes completely.
Roof
· Trim back tree branches that scrape against or overhang the roof. Keep branches away from chimney to avoid fire hazard and allow proper draft for safe and efficient chimney operation.
· Check for curled, damaged, loose, or missing shingles.
· Check the lower edge of roof sheathing for water damage.
· Examine all roof flashing and the flashing around chimneys, vent stacks, roof edges, dormers, and skylights.
· Make sure that the chimney cover (cap) is in good condition, and that it is tall enough to prevent creosote build-up.
· Check vents and louvers for free air movement. Clean screens and remove bird nests, spiders, insects, and dust.
· If there are wind turbines on the roof, check ball bearings. Clear gable vents of bird's nests and other obstructions.
· Check for damaged gutters, downspouts, hangers, and strainers. If needed, clean out gutters and downspouts. Make sure they are free from leaks and rust.
· Examine television antenna guy wires and support straps.
Interior Surfaces
· Check all ceilings and walls for cracks, signs of leaks or stains, dirt, and finish damage.
· Check for cracks where ceilings join walls and where moldings attach to ceilings and walls.
· Check for odor or visible evidence of mildew or mold.
· Check for finish damage around cabinet pulls.
· Examine all joints in ceramic tiles and laminated plastics for adequate caulking. Have any of the tiles cracked or become discolored?
· Check caulking around sinks, bathtubs, and showers. Replace caulking as required.
· Check all floors for wear and damage. Are the floors level, bowed, or do they squeak when you walk on them? Particularly check where one type of flooring material meets another, such as where carpet or wood joins tile.
· Check stairs for loose treads, handrails, or carpeting, and repair as needed.
Electrical Systems and Fixtures
· Check the condition of lamp cords, extension cords, and plugs. Also examine the appliance cords and plugs of vacuums, irons, mixers, washers, and dryers.
· Check for exposed wires and signs of wear in the "service box." If you have a fuse that blows often or a circuit breaker that trips frequently, call an electrician to determine the cause and make the repair. Mark each circuit so that you will know what outlets or appliances are included on each.
· If you experience a slight tingling shock when handling or inspecting any appliance or lamp, disconnect the appliance and repair it.
· Check places where wiring is exposed, such as in the attic. Look for exposed wires and wires with cracked insulation. Replace those in poor condition.
· If you have ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) in outlets near sinks, the laundry, the shop, and the garage, check the GFCIs monthly and after an electrical storm.
· Check that all appliance cords are in good condition.
· Lubricate automatic garage door opener motor, chain, etc. and ensure that the auto reverse mechanism is properly adjusted.
Heating and Cooling Systems
· Have heating and cooling systems checked by a qualified serviceperson once a year or according to the manufacturer's warranty and service recommendations. Failure to do manufacturer-recommended servicing may void warranties.
· Clean or replace filters. Check your owner's manual for recommended procedures. Some filters should be replaced as often as once a month.
· Clean dirt and dust from around furnaces, air grills, and ducts.
· Regularly clean out fireplace ash pit.
· Have the chimney checked each fall before you use it. A build up of creosote and soot can be very dangerous. If you use your fireplace or woodstove regularly, a yearly cleaning is recommended. Seek help from professional fire fighters or chimney inspectors if you have any doubt about the chimney safety.
· Check the attic to be sure that insulation or other material is not blocking free air flow through soffit vents, gable vents, or other attic vents. If light from the outside shines through each vent into a darkened attic, then the vents are clear.
· Clean out dryer vent.
· Vacuum electric baseboards.
Plumbing Systems
· Check faucet and hose connections under sinks and toilets. Look for leaks at shut-off valves at sinks, toilets, laundry equipment, and main water shut-off valve.
· Exercise (turn off and on) plumbing shutoff valves.
· Is the water pressure adequate? Do all the drains run freely?
· In a basement or crawl space house, pull back floor insulation to check for leaks and wood damage around water supply pipes, drains, and water closet.
· Check sinks, tubs, and showers for proper drainage. Remove hair from drains. When necessary, use a snake or plumber's friend to unstop drains--or call a plumber.
· Check the pressure relief valve on the water heater. Open it to see that it is working. Check for signs of leaking or rusting. Some manufacturers recommend that a small amount of water be drained periodically from the tank.
· Pour water down seldom used drains.
· Inspect and clean faucet aerators and showerheads.
· Clean refrigerator drain pan and vacuum condenser coils.
· Clean dishwasher food filters and check that the openings in the spray arms are clear.
· Grid a cut-up lemon and then a couple of cups of ice in the garbage disposer.
· Pour a mixture of baking soda, white vinegar and boiling water down drains to keep them running freely.
Safety Systems
· Test smoke alarm and heat alarm systems at least monthly. Replace batteries on a regular basis.
· Vacuum smoke detectors, as dust or spider webs can prevent them from functioning.
· Keep a fire extinguisher handy for use in kitchen and near any wood-burning stove or fireplace. Check the extinguisher gauge for proper pressure.
· Keep flashlight(s) handy and in operating condition.
· Keep outside security lighting in good repair. Lighting exterior grounds helps discourage prowlers.
